Heat therapy is a form of physiotherapy which involves the direct application of a hot water bag, hot compress or electric heating pad to the affected area for about 15 to 20 minutes. It can be applied at least two hours apart each time or as advised by healthcare professionals.

Aims：

Heat application increases temperature, promotes vasodilation and improves circulation of the applied area. As a result, it can alleviate symptoms of chronic inflammation, relieve pain, reduce swelling, speed up recovery, ease muscle spasms, soothe the nerves and enhance flexibility of soft tissues.

Indications：

Heat therapy is recommended for areas without acute inflammation (i.e. no redness or increased warmth). Examples include chronic back and neck pain, chronic joint pain, muscle fatigue and muscle spasms.

Precautions：

The temperature of the hot pack should be comfortably warm, not "the hotter the better". Do not fall asleep or lie on the hot pack during heat therapy.

If you have any of the following conditions, please consult your doctor or physiotherapist before applying heat therapy：

• Areas of application near or around the eyes or neck
• Pregnant women
• Individuals with cardiac failure

Contraindications：

Heat application is not suitable for the following conditions：

• Fever
• Malignant tumours
• Dermatitis
• Impaired circulation (such as thrombophlebitis, peripheral vascular disease)
• Impaired skin sensation (e.g. difficulty in distinguishing between hot and cold sensation)
• Difficulty in understanding instructions (such as individuals with dementia)
• Areas with acute inflammation or sprains (characterized by redness, swelling, pain and heat), recent radiation therapy, infection, open wounds or bleeding, or severe pain or swelling
• Extensive heat application for individuals with heart disease

After application：

During heat therapy, there will be warmth and temporary redness of skin. If there is persistent rash, pain, worsening of symptoms or discomfort during or after heat therapy, stop immediately and seek advice from a physiotherapist or other healthcare professionals.

Conclusion：

Heat therapy is more effective when combined with suitable care and other treatment methods, such as adequate rest, elevation of the affected area, rehabilitation exercise and massage. If in doubt, please seek advice from a physiotherapist or other healthcare professionals.