Smoking and lung cancer

Clinical research has proven that smoking is the major cause of lung cancer. Statistics shows that nine out of ten persons who die of lung cancer are smokers.

Harmful substances in cigarette

1. Carbon monoxide

• hinders oxygen transfer
• lowers ability of physical activity
• accelerates aging

2. Nicotine

• affects the central nervous system, creates dependence and withdrawal symptoms

3. Tar

• contains carcinogens
• causes cough and sputum

Smoking and heart disease

Both nicotine and carbon monoxide have adverse effects on the heart. Smokers have three-fold risk of having heart disease than non-smokers. For patients with hypertension, diabetic mellitus or high blood cholesterol, smoking will speed up atherosclerosis and cause coronary heart disease.

Smoking and bronchitis, emphysema and chest infection

Chronic stimulation of the lungs and bronchi result in chronic bronchitis and emphysema causing shortness of breath and wheezing. Smoking also weakens the defense mechanism, making smokers more prone to chest infections.

Smoking and other disease

Smoking also increases the risk of many other diseases like laryngeal cancer, oral cancer, peptic ulcer, etc.

Smoking shortens life

Clinical research has shown that on average, smokers' lives are three years shorter than non-smokers. Moreover, lung cancer, chronic bronchitis and emphysema are debilitating diseases that cause a lot of discomfort and suffering.

A common misconception is that there is not much benefit for chronic smokers to quit. In fact, quit smoking is beneficial to health at any time. So, for the health of oneself and that of others, all smokers should take action today and QUIT RIGHT AWAY!

Relevant Information

Tobacco and Alcohol Control Office, Department of Health - Pamphlets and Posters